Centralized vs. Distributed Fiber Networks
22 oct 2024
Raj Tank
Centralized FTTH Design Overview:
In a centralized FTTH design, the Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) and other core network equipment are located at a central hub, usually a central office (CO) or a regional data center. From this central point, fiber lines are distributed to each customer’s premises.
Centralized Key Features:
Centralized Equipment: OLTs and splitters are housed in a central location.
Longer Feeder Fiber: Feeder fibers run longer distances from the central hub to the distribution points.
Less Infrastructure in the Field: Minim al equipment in the field, with most active electronics located centrally.
Centralized Benefits:
Simplified Network Management: With all core equipment centralized, monitoring, maintenance, and upgrades are easier to manage.
Scalability: It is easier to scale the network by upgrading the centralized equipment rather than field-deployed units.
Reduced Power Costs: Centralized power supply for the OLTs, potentially reducing energy costs compared to having multiple distributed locations
Enhanced Security: With fewer field-located active components, there’s a reduced risk of vandalism or environmental damage.
Centralized Considerations:
Higher Initial Capital Expenditure (CapEx): Requires significant investment in central office facilities and longer runs of feeder fiber.
Potential for Signal Degradation: The longer distances between the central hub and customer premises can lead to signal degradation, though this can be mitigated with high-quality fiber and equipment.
Single Point of Failure: If the central hub experiences issues, a larger portion of the network could be affected.
Distributed FTTH Design Overview:
In a distributed FTTH design, network elements such as OLTs and splitters are spread across multiple smaller hubs or cabinets, closer to the end users. Each area or neighborhood might have its own distribution hub.
Distributed Key Features:
Decentralized Equipment: OLTs and splitters are deployed in multiple locations closer to the customer.
Shorter Feeder Fiber: Fiber runs are shorter from the distribution points to the customers.
Field-Installed Equipment: Active components are installed in the field, often in cabinets or small shelters.
Distributed Benefits:
Lower Feeder Fiber Costs: Shorter feeder fibers reduce material and installation costs.
Reduced Signal Loss: Shorter distances between distribution points and customer premises minimize signal degradation.
Improved Redundancy: Failures in one distributed hub affect a smaller portion of the network, enhancing reliability.
Localized Network Upgrades: Easier to upgrade or expand specific areas without needing to overhaul the entire network.
Distributed Considerations:
Higher Operational Expenditure (OpEx): More distributed locations require more power, maintenance, and security measures.
Complex Network Management: Managing multiple distributed locations can be more challenging, requiring advanced monitoring and coordination.
Increased Field Infrastructure: More cabinets and distributed hubs mean more installations and potential exposure to environmental and security risks.
Conclusion:
Centralized FTTH Design is ideal for areas where simplified management, higher security, and long-term scalability are priorities. It requires higher upfront investment but may lead to lower operational costs and easier network management over time.
Distributed FTTH Design is better suited for scenarios where faster deployment, reduced signal loss, and localized upgrades are more critical. However, it may lead to higher ongoing operational costs and require more complex management practices.
The choice between centralized and distributed designs should be based on your specific project goals, budget, geographical considerations, and long-term strategy.
